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:''This article is about a conspiracy theory. For the participation of the Jews in the Russian revolutionary movement, see "History of the Jews in Russia"'' Jewish Bolshevism also known as Judeo-Bolshevism is an antisemitic canard which alleges that the Jews were at the origin of the Russian Revolution and held the primary power among Bolsheviks. Similarly, the Jewish Communism theory implies that Jews have been dominating the Communist movements in the world. They are part of the ZOG conspiracy theory, which asserts that Jews control world politics. The expressions have been used as a catchword for the assertion that Communism is a Jewish conspiracy, and it has often coincided with overtly aggressive nationalistic tendencies in the 20th century and 21st century. In Poland, "Judeo-Bolshevism" was known as Żydokomuna and was used as an antisemitic stereotype.〔Krzysztof Szwagrzyk, "Żydzi w kierownictwie UB. Stereotyp czy rzeczywistość?", ''Biuletyn IPN'' (11/2005), pp. 37-42〕 Most mainstream scholars dismiss this as a conspiracy theory.〔 The expression was the title of a pamphlet, ''The Jewish Bolshevism'', and became current after the 1917 October Revolution in Russia, featuring prominently in the propaganda of the anti-communist "White" forces during the Russian Civil War. The term "Jewish Bolshevism" was used in Nazi Germany to equate Jews with communists, implying that the communist movement served Jewish interests and/or that Jews were behind communism. According to Hannah Arendt it was "the most efficient fiction of Nazi Propaganda". In Poland before World War II, the label ''Żydokomuna'' was used in the same way to allege that the Jews were conspiring with the USSR to capture Poland. ==Origins== The conflation of Jews and revolution emerged in the atmosphere of destruction of Russia during World War I. Many Russian Jews had actually volunteered to serve the Tsar in the war, and in 1914 there were at least 400,000 Jews serving in the Russian army. By the end of 1915, some five million Polish Jews of the Russian Empire had become subjects of Imperial Germany, the consequence of the Russian defeats.〔Friedman (1997), pp. 253, 239, n33〕 When the revolutions of 1917 crippled Russia's war effort, conspiracy theories grew up - even far from Berlin and Petrograd, many Britons for example, ascribed the Russian Revolution to an 'apparent conjunction of Bolsheviks, Germans and Jews.' 〔Fromkin (2009) pp. 247-248〕 And in fact the Wilhelmstrasse had looked at the possibilities of a public embrace of Zionism.〔McMeekin (2012), p. 348〕 A recent history of the intended use of world religions in World War I, concluded that "neither Max Bodenheimer's committee of German Zionists, nor the Zionist Executive, nor any kind of organized international Jewish network had much of anything to do with either the February or October Revolution."〔McMeekin (2012), p.347〕 The worldwide spread of the concept in the 1920s is associated with the publication and circulation of ''The Protocols of the Elders of Zion''. The expression made an issue out of the Jewishness of some leading Bolsheviks (most notably Leon Trotsky) during and after the October Revolution. Daniel Pipes says that "primarily through ''the Protocols of the Elders of Zion'', the Whites spread these charges to an international audience." James Webb wrote that it is rare to find an antisemitic source after 1917 that ..."does not stand in debt to the White Russian analysis of the Revolution." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jewish Bolshevism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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